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Introduction to Splunk Enterprise

20. Splunk GUI Overview : Part 4

The pause and stop menus can be used only while the search is running, and it is self-explanatory to pause the search to stop the search. So there is a print option to print the entire Web page. There is an export option, which by default is CSL-free XML and JSON. And also, you can export the raw events. That is nothing but your log file. You can export it from here when you export all the events that match, like 3000 plus events in the last 16 minutes, from only this filter. When I say filter, we are just looking for Splunk internal audit logs. If you want to see this lock, you cannot export it from here. We'll see how we can narrow down how we can change our search to do a targeted search to fetch the information we need, then you should click on export, and if you click on Raw Events, you'll get the actual log files. If you get CSV, you'll get a good pass. The content of your logs, specifying each field and its value in XML and JSON, It will be within their specific values. The next menu is one of the most important: smart, fast, and verbal mode. To differentiate them, there is a small description that is specified that you can go through. That will most likely be when you gain access to the mostplank instance as part of this comprehensive package course. It is nothing, but the fast are the fastest, the smartest are the smartest, and the verbose are the dumbest. What it does is extract only the minimum required fields, or only the necessary fields. Let us see. We ran the last 60 minutes of searching. Let us run for the fast mode, and let us see how this looks. First, the main differences Here we have three interesting fields, three chosen fields, and the first, let's see how long this job took to complete. You can see that by clicking on "Jobedit inspect job," you'll be able to see that it was completed in 4 seconds. That was the last 60 minutes in fast mode. Let's go to Smart Mode. Smart mode is like the smarter one, which gets the information that is needed. Like, if I write a query to get the raw events, it will show me the raw events. If I write a query to display a visualisation or a chart, it displays only the chart. It does not show my raw event. So that is how the Smart Mode works. It just gives you the information that you need. In this smart mode, you can see there are a lot more fields, which say these are interesting fields and will be useful. Smart Mode has extracted it automatically. And this Smart mode let us see how muchtime it has taken to run our previous service. That was the first mode she used to get to zero four. This was the quickest way to finish zero three. How can that be? The fast mode ran again. Let me search again. The fast mode took around 23 seconds. Our Smart Mode, it basically refreshes from the cache. That's why, from Fast Mode to Smart Mode, it showed it as being less so. Let us see This would have taken much longer than what FastMode took. This took 00:38, whereas Fastmode took 23 seconds. But if I run the same search in Warabus mode, it will take even longer. It will try to add more information, get more meta information, and add field information to the locks. And since we are running the same search over and over again, most of them will be stored in Splunk Cash. And as you can see, our verbal mode, which took zero seconds, It was 00:23 when compared to Fast, and 00:38 when compared to Smart. And when you compare it to virtues, it is zero for four. This is okay for running a 60-minute search. However, if you run a search for three months, the verbose mode will continue to run indefinitely. As a splunker, you should make sure that Verbose Mode is absolutely not used. And it is only used whenever there is a real need for using it. Most of the time, you'll be able to get your job done by using Smart Mode. We'll see. One more example for Smart Mode Let's say I have a field called Action. Here I'll click on the top values. My search query is auto-updated, and the search is running. Now, it automatically populated a visualization, which shows the top 20 values by default. Here. I'm running it in smart mode. If I go back to Events, I can't see any events. It clearly says you didn't run this in Verbose Mode. If you want to see the events along with your chart, you need to run in Verbose Mode. Running in Verbose Mode is like performing heavy duty on your Splunk. It will just kill your resources. So make sure that verbose mode is used whenever it is necessary.

21. Splunk GUI Overview : Part 5

Let's continue with our discussion of understanding the Splunk Web Interface. So now this is a basic search. As we all know, it is searching for its local audit logs. After this, there are events that say that there were many events. And below that there is something called "Timeline." This timeline is nothing like Facebook's timeline. This is a different timeline that displays the distribution of events over the chosen 60-minute period. If you see a selected 60-minute window for the first half of the duration, there are no events. That means my Splunk instance was down. There were no events because my Splunk instance was down. After 30 minutes, I purchased these many audit events in my log and distributed them over a period of every minute for the last 60 minutes. This scale is auto-calculated based on the time period you choose. If you choose 30 days, each bar represents one day. If you choose 60 minutes, each bar represents 1 minute. If you select 15 minutes, it is automatically calculated by Splunk to fit it in your browser screens so that the events are spread across from beginning to end within this timeline; if you click on one of the bars, everything changes. You can see there are a total of 3786 events, but only 385 were selected are 385.That means there were a lot of things going on right now. From the longer bar, we can see that there is a lot of activity. This minute only contains 385 events. If I click that, it will display only events related to that time. So if I want to come out, you need to click on "Deselect," and if you want to select some other time frame using the timeline, you can select it and zoom in on the selection so that it will just zoom in and display only those events. And it will be spread across multiple other books. So it says the total timeline is 1 minute. So this one minute has been divided into milliseconds. This is how it works. Let me zoom out. Now we are back to our last 60 minutes of searches. Now we understand how to use the timeline. Let us go one step below. There are three different menus below that timeline. These are referred to as the events menu. All these three conditions are part of this events menu, which you can use to modify this view or settings. Here, there is a list option that is by default selected. If you choose Raw, you can see there will be a change in this display. If you see Raw, these are the actual logs that have been received from your remote data sources. These remote data sources are sending this information to Splunk, and it is passing this information. This is the raw log file. If you extract this, or if you go to your remote machine and check the logs, this is how it will be. It will be a plain text and itwill be every line parse similar to this. If you click on List, it shows your actual logfile along with time, and along with the three fields displayed below, it says Host, Source, and Source Type. Host, source, and source type are by default known as selected fields. For all data sources in Splunk, whichever you are integrating, it can either be a scripted database or a Windows machine, Exchange servers, Linux machines, or lock servers. These three fields are mandatory, and by default these three fields will be selected. When you say "selected fields," they will be displayed right next to your event in the list form. If you click on Table, it will display the time and the selected fields as part of a table. It will not display your complete events until you expand. So if you expand any event, you'll be able to see the complete event and the fields that it contains. Let me minimise this via the selected fields. Let's say I need to add one of these fields to selected fields. So how can I add that? It's simple. Just click on "actions." There is selected yes or no. When I click on S, it will automatically update, and you will see my action field begin to populate as shown in the Table. If I don't want tables, you can select "List." It will come back to our default for youwhere audit and show the complete logs and the selected fields as part of the next line.

22. Splunk GUI Overview : Part 6

That is the case with our first menu. The second is the format. If I click on now, the row numbers are off, as you can see in the beginning stage; they don't seem to have any value or add any value during your analysis, but it might add value for a few of the people who want to keep track of how many events have occurred during this window, but there are much better ways of fetching this information. that is row number will disable it There are wrap-up results. it's self explanatory like it's like any text editor to wrapthe logs or not so if the logs are too lengthyit will be wrapped something like this it has been wrappedinto three lines but still it is a single line eventso the max lines to display by default it is filingsif you want you can choose and at any time ifyou are not able to see more than five lines allyou have to do is there will be expand option here If you have larger events that are more than three lines as of now we don't have any there will be expandoption here you can expand to see the full event evendrill down there is something called full. Inner and outer, you can choose how to drill down theevents it's like selecting this event it is like if Iclick now it will update user is equal to admin inmy search query that is my full share inner it selectsonly individual fields if I select full it selects the completeuser is equal to admin wherever I move a cursor acrossuntil the next field but whereas outer it is like wheneverI click it selects the complete field as you can seeif I put even in between the complete text it selectsthe full one whereas the full it selects the cursor fromthe place where I start until where I end in thenext field that is with this menu and number of eventsto display it will start from ten and you can increaseup to 50 if you want to see more events inyour search page and if you come to our left fieldsyou can see there are two columns one is hide fieldswhich can hide and give you more space to view thevariables and show fields which will pop it back again As a result, there are all fields that lead to all extracted fields, and If you are unable to locate your field in this, ensure that you are selecting all fields because 1% of the values or presence in the logs, for example, if I have 100 events and my field is in only one of them, it will be hidden from this, so you must ensure that you are selecting all fields to even identify those 1% of the fields. The selected fields, as we discussed, will be displayed right under your events in the list view of the events, along with the interesting fields, or the automatically or manually extracted fields, from the SplunkAdmin or Splunk architect who is designing this and extracting this information and making it available. These interesting fields are extracted from the logs and splunk as "auto extracted" as of now, and you can make them a selected field by clicking on this S link. One more key piece of information is that, as you can see on the field's left side, there is something named "asterisks," not "asterisks," pound signs, and asterisks. On the right side, there are numerical numbers. What it represents is that if you see an A, it represents the field value as an alpha-numeric value. That means it contains a number and an alphabet. Whenever you see "a" right next to the field, it is represented or it is understandable that it is an "a" numerical value. If you see the source type, it says audit trail. Here, it says just the alphabetical value. But even if you have numbers, it works. So that is one way of saying that itcan handle alpha numeric values similarly source similarly host. Host is probably the best example here because it contains both numbers and alphabets that are part of the host name. If you see some other fields like date, underscoretime, MD, and R, these are numeric values. These fields will never have alphabetical values by their names. It is clear that these are the date fields. But to understand what this symbol, or alphanumeric symbol, means, this represents the acceptable field values that it can handle. On the right side, there are some digits that are represented. These represent the unique values. You can see "date underscore second." That means it has 60 values. Of course, each minute has 60 seconds. It starts from zero to 59. So it has 60 unique values and is present in almost all the events; they will be part of all the events, so it says it is present in 100% of the events. You can get the real name, distinct values, and the percentage coverage of begotten events from this menu. From our search result, we will see the reports menu, where it shows the quick options for creating visualizations. Let me say the top values of the second; it will give me automatic visualization. By default, it says to use a bar chart. If you click the bar chart, you'll get other recommended views. If you look at another visualization, if it fits, you can use it, but always stick with the recommendation for a better presentation because it already knows what kind of data is available for presenting. So that's probably the best value to display. These are some of the options that you can figure out from the Splunk Web interface. As I already informed you'll be getting accessto Splunk demonstration as a part of thecomplete package purchase of these tutorials. Try to get into the package, and you will have access for 30 days. You can experiment with your instance. You'll have some kind of dedicated instance. You can search, create visualisations, create alerts, and report all this stuff. And you can probably even practise your search query. Peace.

23. Splunk Searching Basics : Part 1

In the previous video, we went through the complete UI of Splunk. Now let's understand how Splunksearch works before searching. Keep in mind that you should never use all time unless absolutely necessary. Because if you use an all-time search, it just kills your Splunk resources. If you choose all time, it just searches for the data that is available on Splunk from the time of its implementation, or probably even beyond that if we have indexed the older data. So it just kills the resources like CPU and RAM on the searches and puts a heavy load on your index because it suggests a longer duration. To be sure, only use all time when absolutely necessary. I'll perform some of the basic searches for Splunk on an internal audit login. I'll keep it for the last 60 minutes of the index call. Underscore Audit is where all the internal logs of Splunk are stored. I'll just type "index = audit" and "underscore = audit" and hit enter. As soon as I hit enter, I got 4000+ events for the last 1 hour. This means there were these many events generated during the last 60 minutes. We can also refer to this by the time period to which it is referring.60-minute window from present to the last 60 minutes. Now I have narrowed down my search to just search for "index is equal to audit" in Splunk's free-form search. I need to search for an error, so I enter errors. It will display all the errors in the last 16 minutes. As of now, there has been nothing found in the last 60 minutes. Let me run for the last 24 hours. In the last 24 hours, there was one error. It exactly matches my free-form search or the keyword search that I perform. You can also use wildcard searches. Let's say Errstar reports anything that matches Errstar. As you can see, there is one error star and one error. These are basically the searches that I'm running. It is auditing the searches that I'm running. It keeps track of the searches. So, starting with Er, we've had three matching events in the last 24 hours. That is the wildcard search. Let me search for capital "Err." This is a case-sensitive capital or small-case error in the free-form search Splunk. They both mean the same. It gives me the same results, which are matching error keywords. But if you use quotes or if you use a fieldname in capitals, it always refers to the code names. Here, even with the quotes and the error, it still finds me with the same results. Allow me to search by selecting a field to search in. Actions are equal to searches in the last 24 hours. So we have four events that match. In the last 24 hours, action was equal to search. What will happen if I search for capital action? Let me repeat my search now. My searchis I'm looking for a field called Action using the upper case and search value. This is probably one of your questions. When you're taking certification for Splunk power user or Splunk user, make sure you understand the capitalization that is mentioned for the field name. It says the results were not found, but we saw there was a field named Action, but it is in a smaller case. So this shows that field names are case sensitive.The field name should be typed as it is. If it starts with a capital A, it should be a capital A. If it's all small, you should type all small. As you can see now, we are searching with small caseactions, and we got 88 events matching our search query. Let's see what happens if I change the value of the field to capital letters. This is a guaranteed question. When you are thinking of Splunk power users or Splunk user certification, you will get this question. They will give an example like "Action is equal to searching one in small letters and one in caps," and they will say whether these both return the same result. Is it true or false? Of course, it is false. We've already seen that capital field names differ from lower case field names, whereas values represent the same thing even if they give it away. We have even validated that scenario that with quotes. Also it will not look for case sensitivevalues, but whereas fields they are case sensitive.

24. Splunk Searching Basics : Part 2

Now we have seen some of the basic searches. Let us see some of the most common searches for visualization. The most commonly used searches are our search commands; one is "top." Let me say "top." By default, it displays ten if you want 20 or, let's say, I limit it to five. So it displays only the top five actions. limit is equal to five. It displays just the top five actions. This means that in the last 24 hours, these are the topaction values that are present in the locks of the audit. There are 949 searches, 325 accelerations, and these are some of the other functions of Splunk that it has invoked internally. Now we are at the top. It provided me statistics, so each statistic by default invoked the visualisation function. I had previously chosen piecharts for my other demonstration. So it is showing me my pie chart. Let me change it to other recommended forms. It shows a column chart. If I want a bar chart, I can just click and select a bar chart. Let's say I'm able to see the values here only if I move my cursor next to the selected bar. It shows me what the action is and what the count is. Let's say I want to see the account. You can click on "Format, show data values." It will display each value right next to the bar. Similarly, if you want to display values in a pie chart, you must use a column chart or a pie chart with no formatting options. You have other methods to display the values, which we will discuss, such as how to search in Splunk, a comprehensive and diverse module that covers almost 140+ commands. As I write a small query, it may appear advanced, but trust me, it will become much easier over time. I'm attempting to add this action here, along with search and add these values. I'll also do an action called action plus for concatenating the string from search and 949, the search plus 949, for the display. So after searching, I need a blank space, and I'm adding one more plus to my count into it.As you can see, it says "Search 981." If you want to still make it look good, you can add some text saying count ease or count colon, which makes it presentable. search count is 989. There are many ways you can play around with Splunk. We'll go over them one by one throughout the course so that when you finish, you'll be able to take Splunk Power User, Splunk User, and Splunk Admin Problems, as well as Splunk Art Tech. also because we will be building our own Amazon AWS enterprise-level multi-site clustering environment in the cloud. After this, you will probably have had one complete experience of going through the real-life scenario of implementing this plan. Now let's come back to our search query. I've added Abrasive for better presentation, and I can see the search count is 1000. If I go to Visualization, I can see my pie charts right there. Now, these are some of the ways you can experiment with Splunk when you get access to our demo environment in the cloud, which will be part of the package or free access for all of you as part of the complete package of this course. This is one command. Let's see what happens with the Stats command, for which I'm counting by the same action field. If you see the difference between statistics and count, Now we have 51 values where Top displays only the top ten values by default, whereas that displays everything. You can sort them by count, or you have a sort command for doing that. You can sort by count, which sorts ascending or descending values. This kind of information will be covered in the later part of the tutorial. Because we've already seen top, another likely quick command would berare. Let's see rare. What it does is give us the lowest values in the last 24 hours for the Action field. These are some of the least important values, or the bottom ten, of the Action values.

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